Brain Structures and Functions

Brain Stem - oldest part of the brain, where the spinal cord swells into the cerebral cortex

Medulla - base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and respiration

Pons - on top of medulla, helps coordinate movement

Reticular Formation - bundle of nerve fibers inside the brain stem, in charge of controlling arousal (awareness)

Thalamus - egg shaped structures that "relay" sensory input coming from the spinal cord/peripheral nerves to other parts of the brain

Hypothalamus - controls the pituitary gland, located directly below the thalamus, part of the limbic system

Amygdala - two bean sized neural clusters that control anger and fear, part of limbic system

Hippocampus - encodes memories and relays them to specific parts of the cerebral cortex for permanent storage, part of the limbic system

Cerebellum - controls voluntary movement and balance, known as "little brain" due to its resemblance to the cerebral cortex

Corpus Callosum - bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two hemisphere's of the brain

Cerebral Cortex - the outer layer of the brain of the brain, specific areas in it are in charge of specific functions, makes up the 4 lobes

Brocas' Area - controls the muscles involved in producing speech

Wernick's Area - controls language comprehension

Pituitary Gland - regulates growth and other grands, controlled by the hypothalamus, part of the endocrine system 

Adrenal Gland - located above the kidneys, secrete adrenaline to arouse the body in response to stress.

Thyroid Gland - in charge of secreting hormones that control metabolism 

Sex Glands - in charge of reproductive functions

Image sources: 

http://sccpsy101.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/brain_stem.jpg
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/enger/student/olc/art_quizzes/genbiomedia/0665.jpg
http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/cerebellum.gif
http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/endocrine/endocrine_images/endocrinesystematlas.gif
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/BrocasAreaSmall.png
http://corpusoptima.com/wp-content/upLoads/2012/09/CorpusCallosum222-258x300.jpg